Cybersecurity researchers have successfully replicated the advanced tactics and tools used by VanHelsing, a rapidly spreading ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) operation first identified in March 2025. Known for its sophisticated double extortion strategy, VanHelsing encrypts files using ChaCha20 and Curve25519 algorithms while stealing sensitive data, threatening public exposure unless a ransom is paid.

Victims typically find their files appended with a “.vanhelsing” extension, and ransom demands—payable in Bitcoin—vary based on the target’s profile. The ransomware’s cross-platform reach is especially concerning, with variants affecting Windows, Linux, BSD, ARM devices, and VMware ESXi systems.

AttackIQ researchers report that VanHelsing has already compromised five organizations in the United States, France, Italy, and Australia. Data from three of those entities has been leaked after they refused to pay. A detailed emulation graph has been released, allowing security teams to simulate attacks and strengthen defenses.

The ransomware’s Windows version, developed in C++, showcases advanced persistence and anti-detection methods. Affiliates, who must pay a $5,000 deposit to join the VanHelsing program, receive 80% of the ransom payments and gain access to a dedicated portal to manage their attacks.

VanHelsing’s attack chain starts with deployment on targeted systems, followed by reconnaissance to evaluate viability. It avoids infecting certain geographies and leverages anti-analysis techniques such as debugger detection via the IsDebuggerPresent API. It also uses location APIs like GetUserDefaultLCID and GetLocaleInfoA to determine the system’s locale.

Further tactics include environment fingerprinting through GetEnvironmentStrings and GetNativeSystemInfo, as well as file system traversal using FindFirstFileW and FindNextFileW. Targeted files are then encrypted, and the ransomware alters registry settings to display a ransom note via a new desktop wallpaper.

Given its evolving tactics and growing impact, experts urge organizations to test their cyber defenses using the newly published emulation tools to better prepare for this emerging threat.

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News Source: Cybersecuritynews.com